In almost all cases the herdsmen are paid per capita by each household which sends animals to their herd, and the amount is settled by bargaining as so much per beast. Ox-herds are paid more because they work at night though for less time. Roughly it works out at about T.L.280 (£35, $100) for a session. Some villages had in 1950 recently changed over to the payment of shepherds by fixed sums in money, which they still collected themselves by dividing it among the owners according to the number of animals. In these cases T.L.300 (£37 10s., $110) was becoming the standard rate.
Just before the harvest each year field watchmen (sing. tarla bekcisi), are appointed to patrol the ripening crops. These are responsible to the headman and were also paid about T.L.300 for some three months' work. In Sakaltutan in 1950 no watchmen were appointed, possibly because the headman did not bother; the reason given was the poverty of everyone following the disastrous harvest of 1949.
For a brief period in June when water is in demand before the harvest, two men are appointed to see fair play over water rights. The system has four branches, and in 1951 people using the water had to pay the overseers 10 kurush an hour so that they received T.L.4.80 (13s., $1 .80) per day each, which was good by village standards.
The village watchman received at most about T.L.300 a year, less than T.L.200 in Sakaltutan, which was sometimes paid in cash from the village chest, and sometimes in kind, household by household. Village watchmen cannot, in their year of office, migrate or work regularly because of their duties, but most pick up casual jobs and work at the harvest.
During I949 to I950 only one man in Sakaltutan received a government salary. This was the teacher (p. 275) and he was only paid T.L.40 (£5, $14) a month.
Elbashï had rather more officials. Apart from the nahiye müdürü himself there were the three schoolmasters, the rural school inspector, known as a `travelling headmaster' (gezici bashö§retmen), and the secretary of the Credit Co-operative, in